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PEACE AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION: A PARADIGM FOR NATIONAL 

DEVELOPMENT 

 

Ushingio, Peter Ushingio, 

University of Calabar.  

& 

 Chukwu, Paul Ogbonna  

University of Nigeria, Nsukka. 

 

ABSTRACT 

Over the years, conflict has been a recurring phenomenon in many nations of this planet earth. 

This is incumbent on the fact that the human nature is not devoid of conflict due to various 

biological, psychological and social factors. For instance, from the perspective of evolution, 

conflict is necessary for survival because humans competed for food, territory and mates which 

likely contributed to the development of conflict as a natural aspect of life. Also, human beings 

are social beings with complex emotional and cognitive needs, conflict often arise among them 

owing to differences in values, beliefs and goals. Humans equally have an inherent tendency 

towards aggression or competition as a way to secure resources and ensure survival, and tend 

to interpret the world through their own biases, leading to misunderstandings or 

misinterpretations of others' actions. These biases, such as in-group bias can fuel conflicts, as 

people may be more prone to perceiving threats or insults based on their pre-existing beliefs. 

This paper points out that even though there are many attempts made, and methods employed 

to resolve conflict, and great efforts have been made in our climes regarding global peace, 

world peace, conflict avoidance, conflict management and conflict resolutions, we still 

experience disasters, mayhem, acrimony, wars which have taken a toll on many nations’ 

development. There is therefore, the need to explore more avenues to fight the course of 

conflict to enhance national development. This paper advances the position of a philosopher 

with particular interest in the philosophy of Ibuanyidanda noetic propaedeutic to address the 

issue of conflict for national development. 

Keywords: Peace, Conflict resolution, Ibuanyidanda noetic propaedeutic, National 

development. 

INTRODUCTION 

According to Wonah, the state through its government formulates and implements 

development policies and programmes. In line with this, he sees national development, as the 

effort made by the people through their government to improve their quality of life and ensure 

free and egalitarian societywithin the national boundary (3). Lawal and Oluwatoyin also Jaja 

Nwanegbo, and Odigboas cited in (Wonah, 3), see national development asthe overall 

development or a collective socio-economic, political as well as religious advancement of a 

country ornation.National development,therefore, is a multidimensional concept encompassing 

the economic, political, and social progress of a country. It goes beyond mere economic 

growth, encompassing the overall well-being of a nation’s citizens and the structural 

transformation of its institutions. As nations strive for sustainable development, key areas such 

as education, infrastructure, and governance have emerged as foundational pillars that support 

long-term national prosperity. National development is a complex but achievable objective 

when approached through a multifaceted lens. Education empowers individuals and 

strengthens the human capital necessary for economic growth. Infrastructure facilitates 



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connectivity and supports industry. Governance ensures that the benefits of development are 

equitably distributed and sustainably managed. Together, these pillars form the foundation of 

a nation’s progress. Future strategies must emphasize the synergies among these domains to 

ensure holistic, inclusive, and sustainable development. All these can be achieved if there is 

peace and conflicts are resolved as and when due.  

According to Naboth and Nwafor, the concept of peace lends itself to several interpretations 

and definitions, which cannot beexhaustively discussed here. Ordinarily, peace means the 

absence of conflict or violence at a particular time andplace. It evokes the climate of freedom 

from fear, intimidation and harassment, oppression and brutalisation byexternal forces or 

agents (1). There is no gain saying the fact that our nations need peace, the human nature needs 

peace both in daily activities of life and in thoughts and culminate in actions.  

There is no nation in this terrestrial existence that grows successfully without the entrenchment 

of peace, tranquility and harmonious coexistent among the citizens. Looking at the vital role 

of Peace in the society, some analyst often times describe peace as an organic foundation for 

any significant development across all levels of human endeavors. In spite of the robust nature 

or how viral policies of any nation’s government might be, without peace such policies will 

not achieve the desired goal or objective. This is what makes this research work very central 

and apt especially in an era where we need peace most particularly in our homes and nation at 

large bearing in mind the high levels of agitations and insecurity among the citizens partly for 

self-secession and economic control. It is however imperative to state that human development 

and economic diversification all over the world hinges exclusively on the existing peaceful 

coexistence among the citizens of such country to galvanize support for full actualization of 

government economic and political policies for the best interest of her citizens. Furthermore, 

Peace which remains an essential need of the people has always been among the humans 

highest values right from time immemorial. In fact, an unjust peace is better than a just war.  

PEACE: A NECESSITY 

Peace is more important than all justice. It is on this clime to state that humanity prefer the 

most unjust peace to the most just war that was ever waged as there never was a good war or a 

had peace. However, economic prosperity and socio-cultural development of any nation is the 

function of the peaceful, harmonious relationship and tranquility that prevailed among the 

citizens over time.Ultimately, this is viewed as a peace of the mind or favorable serenity for 

people hearts desired to strife in the areas of domicile. The task before any citizen of any a 

nation is to proactively work assiduously for the sustenance and build peace constituency 

within the individual family, traditional institutions, pressure groups, interfaith organization, 

schools, market places, civil society organization. NGOS and peer groups to champion the 

course of national unity and peaceful coexistence which undoubtedly is the most essential need 

of any nation.  

Many people, scholars, tourists, businessmen and well-meaning citizens of a nation hold 

tenaciously to the fact that the greatest resources any government can bequeaths to her citizens 

is a sustainable peace to enhance growth and meaningful development among the people. There 

is a compelling need for government at all levels to create effective and efficient peacebuilding 

mechanism to holistically address visible conflict as a greater concern among the citizens to 

adequately in cooperatethe yearnings of the people in the policy formulation of government 

with a view to address the roots causes of sectional, political agitations or grievances, religious 

and civil wars coming from the citizens to allow peace to reign particularly at the time when 



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the economy of nations of the world is trying to exist from the Covid-19 pandemic which had 

ravaged world. It is therefore crucial to mitigates conflict than to allow it escalates. It is much 

better and economical to address conflict at the early stages hence the urgent need to step up a 

holistic approach for effective service delivery and formulations of people oriented policies 

that has direct impacts on the lives of the concerned citizens than to provide relieve materials 

to a victims of conflicts. There is need to inculcate the right behaviour that engender peace to 

eschew conflict that will make a nation to suffer underdevelopment, inter/inter-ethnic and 

religious crisis that brings about untold hardship to the people, loss of lives, rendering people 

homeless, displaced and scattered in refugee camps, destruction of economic activities, 

vandalization of properties which may cost government money to repair them. 

Peace is a pre-requisite for development as a whole because it creates an enabling environment 

for the fundamentals of a society’s progress: human capital formation, infrastructure 

development, markets subject to the rule of law, and so on. In the absence of peace, education 

and health structures break down, systems to provide infrastructure disintegrate, and legal 

commerce is crippled. Critically, peace also frees up resources, both financial and human, that 

would otherwise be diverted to controlling (or creating) violence. Intuitively, it already in our 

subconscious that peace and development go hand in hand.Generally, speaking, the more 

peaceful a society, the more prosperous and stable. But there is a need for us to understand the 

economic costs of violent conflict because if the economy of a nation is not stable and growing 

it will be tantamount to underdevelopment. 

TOWARDS THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF CONFLICT IN HUMAN 

SOCIETY  

Conflict refers to a disagreement or clash between two or more opposing individuals, groups, 

parties or even ideas as a result of different values, goals, beliefs, interest and so on. Conflict 

is an inherent part of human existence.It is woven into the fabric of history, literature, and 

everyday life; be it internal or external, individual or collective. While conflict is often viewed 

negatively due to its association with war, violence, and division, it also serves as a catalyst for 

growth, self-discovery, and social change. Conflict manifests in various forms, namely, 

personal, interpersonal, and societal. At its core, it arises from opposing interests, desires, or 

values. Sigmund Freud described internal conflict as a psychological struggle between different 

components of the mind, particularly the id, ego, and superego (Freud, 34). On a broader level, 

societal conflicts such as class struggles, racial discrimination, and political disputes have 

historically driven revolutions and reforms. As Hegel posited, “progress is the result of the 

dialectical process, a conflict between thesis and antithesis leading to a synthesis” (qtd. in 

Singer, 107). In this sense, conflict is not only inevitable but necessary for evolution and 

change. Some scholars, in their works, often mirror societal struggles and internal dilemmas, 

using conflict as a central device to develop characters and advance the plot. In Romeo and 

Juliet, Shakespeare presents the destructive consequences of familial conflict, where the feud 

between the Montagues and Capulets leads to tragic outcomes (Shakespeare, 1.1.85–90). 

Similarly, in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, the cultural conflict between traditional Igbo 

society and British colonialism results in the disintegration of individual identity and societal 

cohesion (Achebe, 176). These narratives highlight how conflict can expose underlying truths 

about human nature and societal norms. 

Psychologically, conflict can lead to anxiety, stress, and emotional turmoil. However, it can 

also foster resilience, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. According to Carl Jung, 



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confronting one’s shadow which is in other words known as inner conflict is essential for 

personal development (Jung, 145). On a societal level, conflict can bring attention to injustice 

and inequality, prompting activism and policy change. The American Civil Rights Movement, 

for example, was born out of racial conflict but ultimately led to significant legal and cultural 

advancements (Branch, 211). While conflict is often unavoidable, the way it is managed 

determines its outcome. Constructive conflict resolution involves communication, empathy, 

and compromise. In contrast, unresolved or poorly managed conflict can lead to prolonged 

suffering and division. As noted by conflict resolution expert John Burton, “Conflict should 

not be seen as a failure but as an opportunity to understand and address human needs” (Burton, 

92). Educational and community-based programs focused on dialogue and mediation have 

shown promising results in fostering peaceful coexistence. Conflict, though often 

uncomfortable, is a powerful force in shaping individuals and societies. Its history underscores 

its complexity and necessity. By understanding the sources and consequences of conflict, and 

by embracing strategies for its constructive resolution, individuals and societies can harness its 

transformative potential. In doing so, conflict becomes not merely a challenge, but a gateway 

to growth, understanding, and progress. 

Cultural and societal structures can amplify or mitigate conflict. Different societies have 

different norms, values, and systems of governance that can either promote cooperation or 

exacerbate competition and conflict. Group identities, such as ethnicity, nationality, or religion, 

can create in-group favoritism and out-group hostility, fueling conflicts between different 

groups. Some sociologists argue that conflict is not necessarily an innate human trait but a 

result of the structures and systems within society. Inequality, power struggles, and competition 

for resources can create tensions and conflict, even in otherwise peaceful societies. Conflict 

may arise when individuals or groups are placed in positions of inequality or when their 

interests clash.Humans also tend to interpret the world through their own biases, leading to 

misunderstandings or misinterpretations of others' actions. These biases, such as in-group bias 

or confirmation bias, can fuel conflicts, as people may be more prone to perceiving threats or 

insults based on their pre-existing beliefs (Burton, 93). 

CAUSES OF CONFLICT 

The ontological principle of causality which is also rendered as the principle of Sufficient 

Reason or Intelligibility states: Omins effesus causem habet - ‘every effect has cause’. This 

metaphysical dictum hinges on the fact that conflict doesnot occur in a vacuum. Therefore, 

there areroot causes of conflict in a nation's existence. We shall now look at such causes; some 

of which are pointed out by Eyo et al., (32-34). 

1. Economic resources: Resources which include human resources and material 

resources constitute conflict if they are scarce. A nation that does not get the required 

resources to meet up with the allocation of its people and if there is no proper role 

played by the government in the allocation of the nation's resources, it will cause 

political disputes and the likes. Citizens of the country, Nigeria for instance should be 

fair in dealing with natural resources endowed by God (Ushieet al., 95) 

2. Power: this has to do with the ability or capacity to act or do something in a particular 

way. Also, the ability to achieve a desired effect whether in the face of opposition or 

not. Such power is gotten either through consent or to coercion, as a result of delegation, 

conferment etc. when it becomes toxic, whereby those at the corridors of power 

becomes rather tyrant, it will cause conflict. Where there is inability to exert influence 

and control over people for in any way if it causes conflicts. 



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3. Leadership: this may be considered as an art of motivating a group of people towards 

achieving a common goal. It can also be seen as an ability to influence and guide 

followers in a group, When those in leadership positions lacks the ability to inspire 

confidence in the right direction of a group or nation purpose. It brings out crisis. On 

the other hand, when about 2million people have interest direct or indirectly in few 

leadership position, it constitute conflict especially when it’s not properly handle. We 

have had cases of electoral violence before, during and after elections. This is as a result 

of those to be at leadership positioning. 

4. Human Nature: According to Eyo et al, conflict is engaged in human nation, and as 

quoted, “there is an irrational" human nature embedded in the human personality 

characterized by anger aggression, cruelty, hostility. These negative values, tendencies 

or sensitivities, together produce a violent behavior. The proclivity of the human 

persons to shine out in different areas of endeavors always causes conflict if pride, 

wealth, power, fame, etc are managed well. 

5. Religion: This has to do with the belief and activities regarding to transcendent deity. 

In view of the religious dogmatism and fanaticism occasioned by religious activities 

crises and violence break out. 

6. Ideology: As quoted by Eyoet al, ideology refers “the body of ideas reflecting the social 

needs and aspiration of an individual group, clan or culture”. Most time due to the 

ideological difference and different ideological orientations of some people and nations 

conflict arises, A case to note here is that of VSSR and USA who are seen on having a 

cold war because of their different ideologies eastern communism and western 

democracy respectively. 

The above causes have their theoretical explanatory backgrounds or models which are 

considered as framework for the taxonomy of causes of conflict. 

There is the structural conflict theory which derived its generic contents and orientation from 

two main sources: (i) The radical structural theory of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and 

V.lLenin. (ii) The liberal structuralism by Johan Galtung. The main idea of structural conflict 

is that conflict is inherent in the very way societies are structured or organized. This so conflict 

occurs as a result of the unjust structures in the society. There is the biological theory, whose 

proponent is least Thomas Hobbes. This holds that nature has endured many which the instinct 

of self-preservation such that “if two men desire the same thing, which nevertheless they cannot 

both enjoy. They become enemies, and in a way to their end, which is principally their own 

self-preservation endeavor to destroy or subdue one another”. This brings about violence which 

according to Hobbes harasses man in the state of nature, which is a state of war against every 

man. It is a state of “solitary, poor, nothing, brutish and short” (Hobbes, 409).There is the 

nealish theory by Machiavelli which is seen in his pessimistic view of the human nature. This 

theory' holds that the combination of possessive and aggressive nature of the human person, 

compiled with restricted resources give use to conflicts especially in politics. There is the 

frustration/aggression or human needs theory by Abraham Maslow, who holds that the 

instruction which comes as a result of the Jack of expected needs satisfaction of the human 

persons causes conflicts. There is the relational psycho-cultural theory which deals with 

conflict emanating from the different sociological, political, historical and economic 

relationships and that of cultural ethnocentrism or cultural chauvinism. 

IBUANYIDANDA NEOTIC PREPAEDUETIC AS A MODEL FOR PEACE AND 

CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN RELATION TO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT  



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Noetic: The etymology of the term noetic comes from the Greek word noétíkos, ultimately 

from noéōs meaning “I see or I understand” or from the word nous meaning intuitive knowing. 

The adjectival form of the word noetic means pertaining to the mind or intellect, or originating, 

or apprehended by reason. The noun form of the word noetic refers to the science of the intellect 

or a purely intellectual entity. Noetic philosophy is therefore a philosophy dealing with the 

mind, intellect or consciousness. 

Propaedeutic: Propaedeutic, (etymologically: propaideuin) means to teach beforehand. It can 

be seen as a historical term for an introductory course into a discipline such as art, science, etc. 

It may be defined as knowledge, but not for proficiency (Richardson, 82). It can also be referred 

to as the nature of preliminary instruction. 

Noetic Propaedeutic 

Noetic Propaedeutic is seen as the training of the mind to acquire a mind-set that understands 

reality as being in mutual complementation. 

Asouzu’s Noetic Propaeduetic 

Noetic propaedeutic is a pedagogical and psycho-therapeutic dimension of ibuanyidanda 

philosophy. The philosophy of Ibuanyidanda is a philosophy founded by Prof Innocent I. 

Asouzu of the Philosophy department, University of Calabar, Calabar. Nigeria. The term 

ibuanyidanda, with its English equivalent “complementarity” is a concept that has its roots in 

the observational statement ibuanyidanda. (Asouzu, 10). Most Igbo, and most especially, 

traditional Igbo philosophers of the complementary system of thought, allude with the 

statement ibuanyidandaa form of mutual dependence observable in nature. This statement is 

derived from the observation based on a colony of ants called danda. This is indicative of the 

fact that danda, in mutual dependence, ants have the capacity to carry loads that appear bigger 

and heavier than them. This implication portrays the fact that human beings and even 

communities just like the species of ant have the capacity to handle difficult challenges by 

complementary efforts. From the concept of ibuanyidanda comes the articulation of the new 

complementary’ ontology as its horizon and where the expression complementary reflection 

(ibuanyidanda philosophy) is derived. The point that stands out clear here is that anything that 

exists has to fulfill a minimum condition, which survives in its commitment to a mutual 

complementary relationship between it and the other units with which it shares a common 

framework. This is what makes existence meaningful. Little wonder the central thesis of 

Ibuanyidandaphilosophy: “anything that exists serves a missing link of reality”. (Asouzu 10). 

Serving as a missing link is the capacity for existent realities to be in mutual complementary 

relationship, as not being alone. 

There are two principles of philosophy, namely, the Principle of integration and the principle 

of progressive transformation. The principle of integration which Asouzu calls the 

metaphysical variant of ibuanyidanda principle states: “Anything that exists serves a missing 

link of reality”. And the principle of progressive transformation which serves as the practical 

variant of lbuanyidanda states: “All human actions are geared towards the joy of being" 

(Asouzu, 44), It is through these principles, coupled with the imperative, truth and authenticity 

criterion that Ibuanyidanda philosophy seeks to harmonize theory and practice. In this case 

they emphasis more on the human insufficiency not forgetting the human determination to 

absoluteness and comprehensiveness in his future reference (Asouzu, 45). 

The basic tools of ibuanyidanda philosophy are method, principles, imperative and truth and 

authenticity criterion of ibuanyidanda philosophy. 



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i. Method of ibuanyidanda: it is the fundamental disposition needed for the missing 

link to think and act in an ibuanyidanda mode. 

ii. Principles of Ibuanyidanda: it is the principle of progressive transformation which 

claims that “All human actions are geared towards the joy of being”. 

iii. Imperative of Ibuanyidanda: this demands that limitations of beings should be 

allowed to be the cause of one’s joy. 

iv. Truth and Authenticity Criterion of Ibuanyidanda: it states that a world- 

immanent missing link should never be elevated to an absolute instance. 

Ibuanyidanda philosophy relies on its method, principles, imperative and its truth and 

authenticity criterion as its tools to address the broken unity often sensed in human 

consciousness and the existential challenges and constraints imposed by our tension-laden 

existential experience. 

The term noetic propaedeutic is attributed to Asouzu Innocent. It is a process of preparing the 

mind before it enters any discourse. It can also be seen as pedagogy of the mind. That is to say 

it is a process whereby the mind is trained to view reality as being in mutual complement. One 

of his proponents of Ibuanyidanda, Edet Mesembe, sees noetic propaedeutic as the kernel of 

Ibuanyidanda, philosophy. Thus, he says: 

It refers to the need for training the mind to learn to view the units composing 

of any reality as complements. It is a process where the mind is educated to see 

beyond its narrow enclaves. It is an education of the mind towards renouncing 

a non-conciliatory, conceited, polarizing and discriminative type of mindset 

acquired through education, socialization and indoctrination (167). 

This notion of Mesembe regarding noetic propaedeutic underscores the training of the mind 

toward approaching reality. It takes care of issues of factions, tribalism, nepotism and the likes. 

It takes care of the situation of one-sided approach to human interest. Thus,Asouzu avows: 

“one sided approach to human interests would lead to tension, confusion ...” (92). For Bisong, 

noetic propaedeutic is a “form of positive personal awareness of the capacity of the 

constraining mechanism to inject fear in an individual regarding the dangers we are facing and 

thus instigating the instinct of self-preservation to lead the mind in a one-directional and 

polarized manner” (181). 

In the words of Oti Friday, noetic propaedeutic “refers to the process of training the mind and 

human reason, with the view to overcome the broken unity in human consciousness” (1l).In 

the process of noetic propaedeutic (pre-education of the mind) the human subject learns to 

convert the transcendent categories of unity of consciousness of Ibuanyidanda philosophy into 

practical action. In this process of noetic propaeduetic. method of Ibuanyidanda philosophy, 

which is the fundamental disposition needed to think and act in an ibuanyidanda, is co-intended 

and consummated, both formally and materially in all given instances. “Based on this method” 

as Asouzu avers, “ibuanyidanda, seeks to show why judgments concerning given empirical 

conditions are not necessarily objective statements of fact as they occur in our consciousness, 

but judgments can be preconditioned by mechanisms and phenomena that influence the way 

we perceive reality” (22). The understanding of this assertion is that the method of 

ibuanyidanda philosophy is an imperative venture in dealing with the world so that 



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theoreticians and actors can always search beyond mere sensations in order to ascertain some 

phenomena and mechanisms of rational, non-rational and quasi-rational nature in our 

experience of reality. The method of Ibuanyidanda, therefore, indicates why pedagogy in the 

sense of neotic propaedeutic is indispensable for addressing the challenges that threaten 

terrestrial existence in its fundamental tension-laden constitution. 

There is a need for a mind-set that plunges into effective communication. The indispensable 

precondition of this is the training of the mind. Thus Asouzu avers that “the mind turns out to 

be that faculty on which all seeking meaning and understanding within contexts of 

communication can reliably build. In this way. the mind turns out to be that faculty through 

whose activities human beings can be distinguished from other lower beings and missing links” 

(Asouzu, 83). Noetic propaedatic brings about the self-consciousness that reactivates the innate 

transcendent categories of the mind. Asouzu considers this as the highest act of self-

consciousness or the state of imaonweonye in Igbo language. Through reactivation in innate 

categories of the mind to transcendent categories the subject will be able to supersede the 

impositions of the senses and the prevalent constraints as a result of the phenomenon oi 

concealment and human tension-laden ambivalent existential situations. It therefore becomes 

sacrosanct for the mind to be sensitized in the act of positive self-awareness and affirmation in 

view of dangerous, insecure and unstable human situations. In a general existential relationship 

with reality, noetic propaedatic gives a personalistic awareness regarding factors that posed 

existential challenges. Therefore the capacity of instilling positive fear in missing links against 

danger, insecurity and instability is typical of the process of noetic propaedeutic. It also brings 

to foe the proactive spirit of letting the missing links know that their efforts subsist in the fact 

that to be is to be in mutual complementary relationship with all existent realities. Noetic 

propaedatic aims at disclosing the difficulties indulging in acts of excessive selfishness that is 

geared towards overturning of the interest of others. There is therefore a need for a kind of 

mindset that enters into a continuous type of noetic propaedeutic, “there is a need as Asouzu 

opines’ to trained the mind towards the acquisition of such a mindset” (81). “The main 

objective of such a noetic propaedeutic” therefore “is to make the acting subject adaptable and 

receptive towards understanding and sharing meaning in a way that transcends artificial 

boundaries it creates around itself” (18). 

This can be achieved by designing peace building and conflicts resolution modules to educates 

and sensitize the members of the public agitating for one thing or the others from the 

government. Similarly, there are various ways to attempt to coordinates peace building 

process.One way is to develop a peace building at the individual level by training the minds to 

undergo a process of healings thereby x-ray all the various components inherent in peaceful 

coexistence looking at the economy, political and socio-cultural repercussion and the attendant 

destructions of lives and social devastations of a conflict.Though, no nation can attain greatness 

without conflict but we should be mindful of the twine consequences that conflict might posed 

if allowed.Therefore it must be done in a manner that it will not and does not affects the 

corporate existence of the country or threatening the security of the Nation.Extreme conflict 

over a status quo erupt basically to achieve or draw government attentions to just governance 

by underlying the goals and beliefs inherent in the agitation. 

Consequently, conflict itself is a process of Communication, an engagement in a well-defined 

area of expression, passion and beliefs become evident of a hidden interest towards achieving 

a new structure of expectations if it is well articulated and managed from escalation. This is a 

clarion call on the citizens of nations of the world to use this which this paperoffered to 

genuinely, fairly and justly come together on a round table to passionately address our common 



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problems in a more pragmatic and holistic manner.Where all segments of the aggrieved 

population can come together to embrace each other mutually through dialogue rather than 

extreme confrontations.lt is pertinent at this junction to draw attentions of all nations 

irrespective of their position, cultural beliefs, political associations and affiliations to warn 

those fanning the embers of disintegration, hate speech, animosity to have a change of mind as 

the unity and diversity of the country is the strength of every nations.No body or groups of 

individuals can bring division and separate citizens from achieving the labours of the heroes 

past through deep rooted offensive language of disintegration or secession and other kinds of 

conflict. 

 

CONCLUSION 

There is need to develop a mindset that will in turn train people to come up with new ideas to 

solve intractable social problems and work relentlessly to execute them in order to achieve 

lasting social impact.In this case, of preparing society to overcome the effects of violent 

conflict All hands must be on deck to builda lasting peaceful society so critical for economic 

and social development which geared towards national development.Peace is more than the 

absence of war; it entails the presence of conditions that foster social justice, equitable resource 

distribution, and participatory governance. National development—defined as the capacity of 

a nation to improve the economic, political, and social well-being of its people—is deeply 

rooted in the presence of peace. Infrastructural development, education, healthcare, and 

investment suffer in the absence of peace. 

 

 

 

  



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